\(\boxed{2}\) Запиши ответы
Ты услышишь диалог. Определи, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — true), какие не соответствуют (2 — false) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — not stated). Занеси номер выбранного тобой варианта ответа в таблицу. Ты услышишь запись дважды.
Strategies and useful tips
- Read the statements very carefully and point out the keywords to help you to focus on what to listen for.
- The questions follow the order of the information in the recording.
- Do not confuse FALSE and NOT STATED. Be particularly careful with "not stated" answers—information about this is just not in the text.
- Remember that answers should be based on information in the text, not what you personally think or know.
- If any of the statements are connected with feelings/opinions, think about how these might be expressed.
- Be careful with negatives in the statements.
- Listen and begin answering. Don't expect to be able to answer everything during the first listen. Finish answering when listening for the second time.
- Check your answers—have you answered every question?
A. There are only three types of political systems in the world.
B. There are four types of political systems: Anglo-Saxon, continental European, industrial, totalitarian.
C. The Anglo-American system is considered the most stable.
D. The continental European type of system is typical for European countries (Germany, Italy, France)
E. In a pre-industrial system, the army has a lot of power.
F. In a pre-industrial system, power is concentrated in the hands of one ruling party.
G. Imposed ideology is a characteristic of a totalitarian system.
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B |
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D |
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Son: Hi, Dad. Things are good. I was asked to prepare a report on political and economic systems. Can you help me?
Dad: Of course!
Son: I read that political system—state and non-state organisations, with the help of which society and the country are governed. In the modern world there are four types of political systems: totalitarian, Anglo-American, continental European, pre-industrial.
Dad: Right!
Son: What do you know about these systems?
Dad: Well... The Anglo-American system is based on the division of political functions among the institutions of power. In this type of political system, liberal values are proclaimed, such as freedom of the individual, freedom of speech, welfare and security of the population. Citizens share the views, values and methods used by the authorities. This political system is typical of countries such as the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom.
The difference between the continental European political system is the division of society, the presence of several subcultures, with different ideas about values, ideals and political culture. Due to discord in society, government crises occur in these countries.
The pre-industrial period is characterised by ineffective power-sharing. The population is fragmented and has little participation in political life. In such systems, structures such as the army have great power, the power can use violence. What else is there?
Son: Totalitarian, dad.
Dad: Oh yeah... In such systems, usually all power is in the hands of one ruling party, which completely controls the society. Citizens obey a single, imposed ideology and value system.
Son: Thank you, Dad. You helped me a lot. Do you know anything about economic systems?
Dad: You know, son. I am not very knowledgeable about this topic, but I will give you a book with the information you need.