Read the text and choose the correct options Human beings are not the only creatures who can communicate. If different species of animals want to cooperate, they also need to pass information to one another. In wildlife communication takes many forms. Some species are very social, they live in groups and interact all the time. However, loners also need to communicate from time to time, at least, to find a mate or receive an alarm from other animals in case of danger. Animal sensory systems are very varied. For example, a dog's sense of smell is 40 times more acute than ours. Neural diversity leads to different ways of communication. Animals can communicate through chemicals, also called pheromones, sounds, visual cues, and touches. Pheromones Pheromones are chemical indicators that cause a response and are produced by glands. Insects like ants and bees widely use pheromones. They warn about threats, show a way to food, or help to trigger different types of behavior. For example, ants mark the trail that leads toward food by depositing pheromone. That shows other ants where to go to reach the food source. But when the meal ends, the ants stop producing pheromone, and the trail disappears. Other species that communicate with the help of pheromones are dogs. And we can observe it when a dog goes for a walk and meets other dogs. They smell each other to get the information about their "fellows". Auditory signals Sounds as the means of communication are also used by animals. First of all, sounds are essential for birds. They use them to pass messages, attract mates, protect the borders of their territories, and coordinate group actions. Monkeys also use sounds. For example, they cry out a warning in dangerous situations, which gives other monkeys time to run away. We also know that dolphins, whales, and other marine creatures use sound waves. Water can transfer sound as well as the air. Visual signals Though it may not seem obvious, animals can use gestures and postures to communicate. For instance, in case of danger, chimpanzees raise their arms or slap the ground. They also can stare into the eyes in such cases. Grins are also meaningful signs. If a young chimpanzee wants to show it accepts other male's dominance in the troop, it grins widely. Colouration and its variations also serve as means to give some information about the animals. For example, vivid colours of some toxic species warn that they are poisonous. Touches Touches are not used as often as the other ways of communication, as two animals must be very close to each other for tactile contact. Tactile signals are used to participate in social activities. For instance, grooming is used to demonstrate care by many primates. To sum up, animals use different means of communication in order to find mates, establish dominance or defend their territory, coordinate behavior of a group and care for other animals. Does animals' communication look similar to humans' one? Why are different ways of communication available for animals? Animals have neural diversity. Animals live in groups. It's impossible not to communicate in wildlife. What insects use pheromones as a communicative mean? Butterflies use pheromones. Bugs use pheromones. Ants use pheromones. Do birds use signals to manage group actions? They seldom use signals. They use signals very often. No, they don't use signals. What is a group of monkeys called? Several monkeys are called a band. Several monkeys are called a pack. Several monkeys are called a troop. What do chimpanzees show by raised arms? They express joy. They warn others about a threat. They show their sympathy. How do chimpanzees show that they accept the dominance of other males? They slap the ground. They grin widely. They make a special sound. Why are touches not used so often? Animals prefer to be alone. Animals don't have a habit of touching. Distance prevents touching. What is the main idea of the text? There are different ways of communication in wildlife. Communication among animals is not diverse. Animals can live without communication.

Задание

Read the text and choose the correct options

Human beings are not the only creatures who can communicate. If different species of animals want to cooperate, they also need to pass information to one another. In wildlife communication takes many forms. Some species are very social, they live in groups and interact all the time. However, loners also need to communicate from time to time, at least, to find a mate or receive an alarm from other animals in case of danger. Animal sensory systems are very varied. For example, a dog's sense of smell is 40 times more acute than ours. Neural diversity leads to different ways of communication. Animals can communicate through chemicals, also called pheromones, sounds, visual cues, and touches.

Pheromones

Pheromones are chemical indicators that cause a response and are produced by glands. Insects like ants and bees widely use pheromones. They warn about threats, show a way to food, or help to trigger different types of behavior. For example, ants mark the trail that leads toward food by depositing pheromone. That shows other ants where to go to reach the food source. But when the meal ends, the ants stop producing pheromone, and the trail disappears. Other species that communicate with the help of pheromones are dogs. And we can observe it when a dog goes for a walk and meets other dogs. They smell each other to get the information about their "fellows".

Auditory signals

Sounds as the means of communication are also used by animals. First of all, sounds are essential for birds. They use them to pass messages, attract mates, protect the borders of their territories, and coordinate group actions. Monkeys also use sounds. For example, they cry out a warning in dangerous situations, which gives other monkeys time to run away. We also know that dolphins, whales, and other marine creatures use sound waves. Water can transfer sound as well as the air.

Visual signals

Though it may not seem obvious, animals can use gestures and postures to communicate. For instance, in case of danger, chimpanzees raise their arms or slap the ground. They also can stare into the eyes in such cases. Grins are also meaningful signs. If a young chimpanzee wants to show it accepts other male's dominance in the troop, it grins widely. Colouration and its variations also serve as means to give some information about the animals. For example, vivid colours of some toxic species warn that they are poisonous.

Touches

Touches are not used as often as the other ways of communication, as two animals must be very close to each other for tactile contact. Tactile signals are used to participate in social activities. For instance, grooming is used to demonstrate care by many primates.

To sum up, animals use different means of communication in order to find mates, establish dominance or defend their territory, coordinate behavior of a group and care for other animals. Does animals' communication look similar to humans' one?

Why are different ways of communication available for animals?

Animals have neural diversity.
Animals live in groups.
It's impossible not to communicate in wildlife.

What insects use pheromones as a communicative mean?

Butterflies use pheromones.
Bugs use pheromones.
Ants use pheromones.

Do birds use signals to manage group actions?

They seldom use signals.
They use signals very often.
No, they don't use signals.

What is a group of monkeys called?

Several monkeys are called a band.
Several monkeys are called a pack.
Several monkeys are called a troop.

What do chimpanzees show by raised arms?

They express joy.
They warn others about a threat.
They show their sympathy.

How do chimpanzees show that they accept the dominance of other males?

They slap the ground.
They grin widely.
They make a special sound.

Why are touches not used so often?

Animals prefer to be alone.
Animals don't have a habit of touching.
Distance prevents touching.

What is the main idea of the text?

There are different ways of communication in wildlife.
Communication among animals is not diverse.
Animals can live without communication.

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