Запиши ответы

Прочитай текст и выполни задания 12–18. В каждом задании запиши в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному тобой варианту ответа.
Strategies and useful tips

1. Recommended time is 15 min (not more).
2. Read the text carefully. You may need to read it, or parts of it, twice.
3. Look at the first question.
4. Look back to the text and find/highlight the part which the question refers to.
5. If you have time, think how this information might be rephrased (or how you would answer the question in your own words).
6. Look at the choices, and either choose the answer that you think is right or eliminate the ones you know are wrong.
7. Check against the text.

Education in the USA and in Russia

Education in the USA is free and compulsory in all states from the age of 6 till 16 or 18, but each of the 50 states has its own laws regulating education. Control over schools is performed at the local or county level. Each school district is run by a board of education. At the school level, teachers are given the opportunity to select their own teaching materials from the list that was approved. However, differences among schools result not only from the curriculum decisions made by the school boards but also from differing levels of funding. Schools receive their funding primarily from local property taxes, so schools in wealthy areas frequently have more funds available than schools in poor areas.

There is no national curriculum in the USA, but certain subjects are taught throughout the country, for example, Maths, Language, Arts, Science, Social Studies, etc. Secondary schools offer electives in addition to required courses. Among popular electives include performing arts, driver's education and home economics. The offered electives vary from school to school, but all are designed to give students an opportunity to identify their interests and strengths. In high schools, subjects are more specialised. For example, there may be several different science courses offered at different levels, ranging from introductory courses to "Advanced Placement" courses, and students can sometimes earn college credits by taking and passing a special exam in their AP courses.

Prospective freshmen must calculate their GPA (grade point average), take standardised tests such as the SAT at least once and probably two or three times in an effort to get a higher score. Finally, students fill out the application forms, write essays (many colleges and universities ask applicants to write about a topic such as the most rewarding experience they ever had or their goals in life), and obtain letters of recommendation from teachers. Students usually apply to several different colleges and universities and then make their final choice.

In Russia, the state provides most education services regulating education through the Ministry of Education and Science. Regional authorities regulate education within their jurisdictions within the prevailing framework of federal laws. In the Soviet Union education lasted for 10 years, but at the end of 1990, an 11-year course was officially introduced. The eleven-year school term is divided into elementary, middle and senior classes. The absolute majority of children attend full programme schools providing eleven-year education; schools limited to elementary or elementary and middle classes typically exist in rural areas. Education in state-owned secondary schools is free.

The Unified state examination (USE) programme was introduced In 2003 by the Ministry of Education. The set of standardised tests for high school graduates was supposed to replace entrance exams to state universities.

\(\boxed{12}\) Compulsory education is provided...

1. in some states.
2. in all states.
3. only in the USA.
4. not to everybody.

Ответ: [ ].

\(\boxed{13}\) Which statement is false?

1. Children can start studying at the age of 6.
2. Pupils can continue studying up to 16 or 18.
3. Each state regulates the system itself.
4. Control over schools is performed at the president's level.

Ответ: [ ].

\(\boxed{14}\) According to the text, funding depends on the...

1. school location.
2. charity.
3. government.
4. parents' donations.

Ответ: [ ].

\(\boxed{15}\) Which statement is true?

1. The electives are fixed.
2. There are electives in the USA schools.
3. The subjects in high schools are not specialised.
4. It is impossible to earn school credits.

Ответ: [ ].

\(\boxed{16}\) SAT is...

1. possible to pass several times.
2. is different in every school.
3. needed to get a job.
4. an essay.

Ответ: [ ].

\(\boxed{17}\) Only elementary schools can be found in...

1. some parts of the country.
2. Soviet time.
3. big cities.
4. remote areas.

Ответ: [ ].

\(\boxed{18}\) USE programme was introduced...

1. to try something new.
2. to check students' knowledge.
3. in exchange for entrance exams at universities.
4. to enter specific universities.

Ответ: [ ].