Exam format

Content of the Unified State Exam

Reading part

Parts:

1. Matching headings and texts
2. Matching parts of sentences (gapped text)
3. Multiple choice questions

Total points: 14

Time: 30 mins
Exam tip

Exam advice

Reading: gapped text

While you are reading:

1. Try to find connections between the sentence(s) before and after the gap and the missing phrase.
2. Mind the following points:

• comparatives — look for the items being compared;
• the same/more — identify the idea which is being repeated;
• pronouns (we/they/you) — look for what they refer to;
• but/however — find the idea which is being contrasted.

Match the gaps with the sentence parts. There is one extra option

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенных цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

Save the environment

The majority of people enjoy traveling by car; however, machines that run on oil and gas produce exhaust fumes A[ ] of exhaust fumes in the atmosphere. The fumes cause acid rain and holes in the ozone layer, as well as add to the greenhouse effect. People can reduce the amount of toxic fumes when they use alternative energy sources if they travel. One energy-efficient way is to go by electric cars which do not pollute the air and are therefore considered clean. However, some people need to be aware B[ ] breathing in toxic air and what it can do to their health. So, what humanity is doing now to save the environment really matters and can help prevent an increase in carbon dioxide emissions and overheating of the planet.

Another way to cut down on exhaust fumes is to not use a car at all and travel by public transport instead, C[ ] but also causes less air pollution. People could help stop nature loss and get involved with D[ ], so they can use biodegradable products and move away from disposable and plastic packaging E[ ]. Although people can look for alternative packaging, it would be better for the environment if they bring their reusable containers. Solar power and renewable energy sources are likely to be used more widely in the future to prevent toxic fumes from F[ ].

1. which not only leads to cheaper travel
2. although it is hard to imagine the
3. which leads to an increased concentration
4. that they can face the threat of
5. being released into the air
6. making changes to their lifestyle
7. that damages the environment

A	[ ]
B	[ ]
C	[ ]
D	[ ]
E	[ ]
F	[ ]