Запиши ответы

Прочитай текст и выполни задания 12–18. В каждом задании запиши в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному тобой варианту ответа.
Strategies and useful tips

1. Recommended time is 15 min (not more).
2. Read the text carefully. You may need to read it, or parts of it, twice.
3. Look at the first question.
4. Look back to the text and find / highlight the part which the question refers to.
5. If you have time, think how this information might be rephrased (or how you would answer the question in your own words).
6. Look at the choices, and either choose the answer that you think is right or eliminate the ones you know are wrong.
7. Check against the text.

We are all aware of some of the most important things in the history of different countries. But what about the everyday life of usual citizens and especially children and teenagers? Let's have a closer look at the daily routine of children in Victorian London. What was life like? As you can guess Victorian children had very different lives to children today.

With the rapid growth of population in the 19th century, several major problems appeared such as overcrowding and poverty. What work did Victorian children do? Unfortunately, those children who lived in poverty often had to work to earn money for their families. According to some information, one in nine girls over the age of 10 worked as servants for wealthy homes. Some children helped their parents at home or in workshops, making some simple things or sewing for instance. Children could also earn a bit of money as chimney-sweeps, or delivering messages. Usually, most of the children could not attend schools as their families had no money for it. Young richer children were often taught at home by a private tutor. Boys then went to boarding schools. Middle-class children went to grammar schools or private academies.

How healthy were Victorian children? No matter how wealthy the family was, diseases and early deaths were common for everyone. Cholera, measles, and scarlet fever killed a large number of Londoners. Babies living in cramped, wet conditions were the most susceptible to tuberculosis. Even those from wealthy families perished as a result of poor medical knowledge. Many children perished before they reached the age of three. Parents could also die when their children were young. As a result, there was a large number of orphans in London, both rich and poor. Orphans who were unable to find a home in an orphanage were occasionally forced to live on the streets or in workhouses. In exchange for hard, disagreeable labor, workhouses provided food and shelter. Conditions were very harsh and people would only go to workhouses as a last resort.

Victorian children did not have as many toys and clothes as children do today and many of them were homemade. Victorian children didn't have as many toys and clothes as children now, and many of them were handcrafted. Poor children typically fashioned their own toys, such as rag balls, or bought cheap penny toys if they were lucky. Richer children's toys included wax or china dolls, toy troops, and trains. Some London museums feature a collection of tinplate toys that might have been purchased for a penny from street vendors. To make money, poor youngsters would sell these on the street. The toys were frequently placed in children's Christmas stockings. Toys were frequently provided to children in order to teach them something.

\(\boxed{12}\) According to the author, we…

1. are not interested in the daily life of children;

2. don't know enough about the daily life of children in other countries;

3. are not taught enough at schools;

4. have to find some additional information ourselves.

Ответ: [ ].

\(\boxed{13}\) Which statement is false?

1. Some children helped their parents.

2. Girls could work as servants.

3. Children were able to earn money.

4. Children were not able to earn money.

Ответ: [ ].

\(\boxed{14}\) Schooling was...

1. available not for every child;

2. a common thing for everybody;

3. private;

4. possible for children of a specific age.

Ответ: [ ].

\(\boxed{15}\) Infant mortality rate was high because...

1. because the living conditions were poor;

2. because of the lack of adequate healthcare;

3. because parents were not interested in children's health;

4. because there were not enough doctors.

Ответ: [ ].

\(\boxed{16}\) Which statement is false?

1. All children could find a place in an orphan house.

2. Some children could find a place in an orphan house.

3. Even children from rich families could appear in an orphan house.

4. Orphans' houses were empty.

Ответ: [ ].

\(\boxed{17}\) Toys and clothes were…

1. available only for the rich;

2. mostly produced in plants;

3. fashionable;

4. mostly handmade.

Ответ: [ ].

\(\boxed{18}\) What were toys sometimes used for?

1. They were used to punish children.

2. Only as Christmas presents.

3. They were used to teach children something.

4. Only as birthday presents.

Ответ: [ ].