10.Установи соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занеси свои ответы в поле ответа. Используй каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. 1. The very first premises of democracy 2. Britain wants to take control 3. Seeking religious freedom 4. Using United Kingdom's government as an example 5. An inevitable fate 6. Early European colonisation 7. Tensions among the inhabitants of North America 8. The help of indigenous people A. In the early 17th century, the English were legally obliged to worship as prescribed by the Church of England. That's why in 1620, a group of English people who could not legally worship as they wished to, set sail across the Atlantic to begin a new life in America. This group later became known as the Pilgrims. They set off on two ships, but one proved unseaworthy so they had to continue in just one, the Mayflower. B.While still aboard, the Pilgrims drew up the Mayflower Compact, which pledged their loyalty to the Crown but also asserted their right to make their own laws within the English legal framework. It was the first document to establish self-government in New England and it set the stage for future colonists seeking independence from the British. C.During their first winter in America, more than half of the Plymouth colonists died from malnutrition, disease and exposure to the harsh New England weather. In fact, without the help of the area's native people, none of the colonists would likely have survived. The natives taught them how to hunt local animals, gather shellfish and grow corn, beans and squash. At the end of the next summer, the Plymouth colonists celebrated their first successful harvest with a three-day festival of thanksgiving. We still commemorate this feast and remember it as the first Thanksgiving Day. D. At that time, England, like many other countries, was competing to establish colonies in North America. Jamestown had been founded thirteen years before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth, but it was not a religious community. The Colony of Virginia, centered around Jamestown, had been established by English colonists in 1607 under a charter from the Crown and was their first permanent settlement in the Americas. French explorers had established fur trading posts up the rivers of Canada, Dutch and Swedish colonists arrived in North America in the early 17th century, and in 1613 the Dutch established a trading post on the western shore of Manhattan Island. E. Both Plymouth and Jamestown developed representative institutions in which colonists elected officials to govern their own affairs. Inspired by the English parliamentary model, and growing out of the assertion of rights articulated in the Mayflower Compact, these early developments established a model of self-rule that came to characterize English colonisation in North America. F. Each colony had a governor, appointed by the British monarch, and a legislature, elected by the colonists. There was often tension between the two because the legislature had to work within the framework of existing English law. However, the king and government in London, working with the governor, saw the colonies as a resource, rich in raw materials. To ensure America remained a ready market for British industry, colonial trade was restricted by the Navigation Acts. The colonists came to see these measures as a wilful suppression of their trade and manufacturing. G. Relations between the colonists and the indigenous peoples of the East Coast were also starting to strain. The increasing colonial population put pressure on land and resources, pushing people west to settle on land belonging to American Indians. The groups struggled to coexist harmoniously. An uneasy peace, punctuated by violence, typified relations between settlers and Native Americans for many years.

Задание

10. Установи соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занеси свои ответы в поле ответа. Используй каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. The very first premises of democracy

2. Britain wants to take control

3. Seeking religious freedom

4. Using United Kingdom's government as an example

5. An inevitable fate

6. Early European colonisation

7. Tensions among the inhabitants of North America

8. The help of indigenous people

A. In the early 17th century, the English were legally obliged to worship as prescribed by the Church of England. That's why in 1620, a group of English people who could not legally worship as they wished to, set sail across the Atlantic to begin a new life in America. This group later became known as the Pilgrims. They set off on two ships, but one proved unseaworthy so they had to continue in just one, the Mayflower.

B. While still aboard, the Pilgrims drew up the Mayflower Compact, which pledged their loyalty to the Crown but also asserted their right to make their own laws within the English legal framework. It was the first document to establish self-government in New England and it set the stage for future colonists seeking independence from the British.

C. During their first winter in America, more than half of the Plymouth colonists died from malnutrition, disease and exposure to the harsh New England weather. In fact, without the help of the area's native people, none of the colonists would likely have survived. The natives taught them how to hunt local animals, gather shellfish and grow corn, beans and squash. At the end of the next summer, the Plymouth colonists celebrated their first successful harvest with a three-day festival of thanksgiving. We still commemorate this feast and remember it as the first Thanksgiving Day.

D. At that time, England, like many other countries, was competing to establish colonies in North America. Jamestown had been founded thirteen years before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth, but it was not a religious community. The Colony of Virginia, centered around Jamestown, had been established by English colonists in 1607 under a charter from the Crown and was their first permanent settlement in the Americas. French explorers had established fur trading posts up the rivers of Canada, Dutch and Swedish colonists arrived in North America in the early 17th century, and in 1613 the Dutch established a trading post on the western shore of Manhattan Island.

E. Both Plymouth and Jamestown developed representative institutions in which colonists elected officials to govern their own affairs. Inspired by the English parliamentary model, and growing out of the assertion of rights articulated in the Mayflower Compact, these early developments established a model of self-rule that came to characterize English colonisation in North America.

F. Each colony had a governor, appointed by the British monarch, and a legislature, elected by the colonists. There was often tension between the two because the legislature had to work within the framework of existing English law. However, the king and government in London, working with the governor, saw the colonies as a resource, rich in raw materials. To ensure America remained a ready market for British industry, colonial trade was restricted by the Navigation Acts. The colonists came to see these measures as a wilful suppression of their trade and manufacturing.

G. Relations between the colonists and the indigenous peoples of the East Coast were also starting to strain. The increasing colonial population put pressure on land and resources, pushing people west to settle on land belonging to American Indians. The groups struggled to coexist harmoniously. An uneasy peace, punctuated by violence, typified relations between settlers and Native Americans for many years.

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