10.Установи соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занеси свои ответы в поле ответа. Используй каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. 1. The most famous town of witch-hunting 2. Witch-hunts across Europe 3. The origins of witches 4. Despite common sense, many people were found guilty 5. Development of the stereotype 6. A fair trial? 7. Witches in today's world 8. A book on witch-hunting A.Early witches were people who practised witchcraft, using magic spells and calling upon spirits for help or to bring about change. Most witches were thought to be pagans doing the Devil's work. Many, however, were simply natural healers or so-called "wise women" whose choice of profession was misunderstood. It's unclear exactly when witches came on the historical scene, but one of the earliest records of a witch is in the Bible in the Book of 1 Samuel, thought to be written between 931 BC and 721 BC. B.Witch hysteria really took hold in Europe during the mid-1400s, when many accused witches confessed, often under torture, to a variety of wicked behaviours. Within a century, witch hunts were common and most of the accused were executed by burning at the stake or hanging. Between the years 1500 and 1660, up to 80,000 suspected witches were put to death in Europe. Germany had the highest witchcraft execution rate, while Ireland had the lowest. C."Malleus Maleficarum", a guide on how to identify, catch and interrogate witches, was written and published by two well-respected German scholars in 1486. The book labelled witchcraft as heresy and quickly became the authority for Protestants and Catholics trying to flush out witches living among them. For more than a hundred years, "Malleus Maleficarum" sold more copies than any other book in Europe except the Bible. D. As witch hysteria decreased in Europe, it grew in America. Probably the best-known witch trials took place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. The Salem witch trials began when two children began suffering from fits, body contortions and uncontrolled screaming. Three women were accused of witchcraft: Sarah Good, Sarah Osborn and Tituba. Tituba confessed to being a witch and began accusing others of using black magic. On June 10, Bridget Bishop became the first accused witch to be put to death during the Salem witch trials. E. Massachusetts wasn't the first of the 13 colonies to obsess about witches, though. In Windsor, Connecticut in 1647, Alse Young was the first person in America executed for witchcraft. Before Connecticut's final witch trial took place in 1697, forty-six people were accused of witchcraft in that state and 11 were put to death for the crime. In Virginia, people were less crazy about witches. In fact, a law was passed making it a crime to falsely accuse someone of witchcraft. However, about two-dozen witch trials took place in Virginia between 1626 and 1730. None of the accused was executed. F.One of the most famous witches in Virginia's history is Grace Sherwood, whose neighbours accused her of killing their pigs. Other accusations followed and Sherwood was brought to trial in 1706. The court decided to use a controversial water test to determine her guilt or innocence. Sherwood's arms and legs were bound and she was thrown into a body of water. It was thought if she sank, she was innocent; if she floated, she was guilty. Sherwood didn't sink and was convicted of being a witch. She wasn't executed but put in prison for eight years. G.Modern-day witches of the Western World still struggle to shake their historical stereotype. Most practice Wicca, an official religion in the United States and Canada. Wiccans avoid evil and the appearance of evil at all costs. Their motto is to "harm none", and they strive to live a peaceful, tolerant and balanced life in tune with nature and humanity. Many modern-day witches still perform witchcraft. But their spells and incantations are often derived from the Book of Shadows, a 20th-century collection of wisdom and witchcraft, and can be compared to the act of prayer in other religions.

Задание

10. Установи соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занеси свои ответы в поле ответа. Используй каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. The most famous town of witch-hunting

2. Witch-hunts across Europe

3. The origins of witches

4. Despite common sense, many people were found guilty

5. Development of the stereotype

6. A fair trial?

7. Witches in today's world

8. A book on witch-hunting

A. Early witches were people who practised witchcraft, using magic spells and calling upon spirits for help or to bring about change. Most witches were thought to be pagans doing the Devil's work. Many, however, were simply natural healers or so-called "wise women" whose choice of profession was misunderstood. It's unclear exactly when witches came on the historical scene, but one of the earliest records of a witch is in the Bible in the Book of 1 Samuel, thought to be written between 931 BC and 721 BC.

B. Witch hysteria really took hold in Europe during the mid-1400s, when many accused witches confessed, often under torture, to a variety of wicked behaviours. Within a century, witch hunts were common and most of the accused were executed by burning at the stake or hanging. Between the years 1500 and 1660, up to 80,000 suspected witches were put to death in Europe. Germany had the highest witchcraft execution rate, while Ireland had the lowest.

C. "Malleus Maleficarum", a guide on how to identify, catch and interrogate witches, was written and published by two well-respected German scholars in 1486. The book labelled witchcraft as heresy and quickly became the authority for Protestants and Catholics trying to flush out witches living among them. For more than a hundred years, "Malleus Maleficarum" sold more copies than any other book in Europe except the Bible.

D. As witch hysteria decreased in Europe, it grew in America. Probably the best-known witch trials took place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. The Salem witch trials began when two children began suffering from fits, body contortions and uncontrolled screaming. Three women were accused of witchcraft: Sarah Good, Sarah Osborn and Tituba. Tituba confessed to being a witch and began accusing others of using black magic. On June 10, Bridget Bishop became the first accused witch to be put to death during the Salem witch trials.

E. Massachusetts wasn't the first of the 13 colonies to obsess about witches, though. In Windsor, Connecticut in 1647, Alse Young was the first person in America executed for witchcraft. Before Connecticut's final witch trial took place in 1697, forty-six people were accused of witchcraft in that state and 11 were put to death for the crime. In Virginia, people were less crazy about witches. In fact, a law was passed making it a crime to falsely accuse someone of witchcraft. However, about two-dozen witch trials took place in Virginia between 1626 and 1730. None of the accused was executed.

F. One of the most famous witches in Virginia's history is Grace Sherwood, whose neighbours accused her of killing their pigs. Other accusations followed and Sherwood was brought to trial in 1706. The court decided to use a controversial water test to determine her guilt or innocence. Sherwood's arms and legs were bound and she was thrown into a body of water. It was thought if she sank, she was innocent; if she floated, she was guilty. Sherwood didn't sink and was convicted of being a witch. She wasn't executed but put in prison for eight years.

G. Modern-day witches of the Western World still struggle to shake their historical stereotype. Most practice Wicca, an official religion in the United States and Canada. Wiccans avoid evil and the appearance of evil at all costs. Their motto is to "harm none", and they strive to live a peaceful, tolerant and balanced life in tune with nature and humanity. Many modern-day witches still perform witchcraft. But their spells and incantations are often derived from the Book of Shadows, a 20th-century collection of wisdom and witchcraft, and can be compared to the act of prayer in other religions.

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