Until the late nineteenth century all rubber was extracted haphazardly from trees found in the jungles of South America. It was expensive and the supply was uncertain. However, during the 1860s the idea of transporting rubber trees to the British colonies in Asia was conceived. This led to the larger-scale cultivation of rubber trees on organized plantations.

The word haphazardly in the passage is closest in meaning to

• carelessly
• secretly
• constantly
• dangerously