Read the text, match the headings with the paragraphs and choose the correct options What is a tsunami What causes tsunamis The characteristics Tsunami consequences How to be prepared A series of enormous waves caused by the movement of a huge volume of water is called a tsunami. The word "tsunami" comes from Japanese and means a "tidal wave" or "harbour wave". This type of waves differ from normal ones with their wavelength being extremely long: a normal ocean wave has a length of only 30 to 40 metres while a tsunami can be hundreds of kilometres long. A tsunami usually resembles a rapid tide in the very beginning of the disaster. You can often watch the waters exposing the submerged areas of the shore several minutes before the huge waves hit. If people on the shore are unaware of this fact and stay there instead of running away for their lives, they risk being swept away. There are several causes of this natural disaster, but the most common one is seismic activity: a tectonic earthquake, underwater volcano eruption or submarine landslide. There are also so-called meteotsunamis. This is an infrequent disaster caused by a rapid change in such meteorological conditions as pressure. When one of these phenomena occurs, the overlaying waters move suddenly and result in a series of waves that travel at the speed of about 800 km per hour. The waves are not so high while in the ocean and can sometimes pass over the deep waters without notion. As they reach the shore or shallow waters, tsunamis tend to slow down and their height grows immensely. The effects of tsunamis are dramatic. The huge powerful waves ruin everything on their way. They can carry heavy ships kilometres inland. They can sweep away buildings, cars and people. Another hazard is the debris carried along with the flood and causing even more destructions. Precise prediction of tsunamis is still a dream. Although scientists including oceanographers and seismologists analyse the data, they cannot say for sure whether an earthquake or any other disaster will result in a tsunami or not. That's why countermeasure systems are essential in the tsunami-prone regions. The system usually includes seawalls, warning signs, signs indicating the evacuation routes to higher grounds and shelters, warning sirens and manuals instructing people how to act during and after the catastrophe. "Tsunami" is a series of huge waves that only hit Japanese harbours. the result of a large volume of water displacement. Tsunami waves are shorter in length than the wind waves. longer in length than the wind waves. If you see ocean water retreating unexpectedly, you should flee to a higher ground. stay and watch what is going on. Meteotsunami is one of the most common type. quite rare. Tsunami height is at its maximum in the ocean. on the shore. Nowadays, scientists can predict a tsunami days before it hits the shore. can hardly predict tsunamis. The "tsunami-prone regions" means regions with the high risk of experiencing tsunamis. regions which have already experienced at least one tsunami.

Задание

Read the text, match the headings with the paragraphs and choose the correct options

What is a tsunami
What causes tsunamis
The characteristics
Tsunami consequences
How to be prepared

[ ]

A series of enormous waves caused by the movement of a huge volume of water is called a tsunami. The word "tsunami" comes from Japanese and means a "tidal wave" or "harbour wave". This type of waves differ from normal ones with their wavelength being extremely long: a normal ocean wave has a length of only 30 to 40 metres while a tsunami can be hundreds of kilometres long. A tsunami usually resembles a rapid tide in the very beginning of the disaster. You can often watch the waters exposing the submerged areas of the shore several minutes before the huge waves hit. If people on the shore are unaware of this fact and stay there instead of running away for their lives, they risk being swept away.

[ ]

There are several causes of this natural disaster, but the most common one is seismic activity: a tectonic earthquake, underwater volcano eruption or submarine landslide. There are also so-called meteotsunamis. This is an infrequent disaster caused by a rapid change in such meteorological conditions as pressure.

[ ]

When one of these phenomena occurs, the overlaying waters move suddenly and result in a series of waves that travel at the speed of about 800 km per hour. The waves are not so high while in the ocean and can sometimes pass over the deep waters without notion. As they reach the shore or shallow waters, tsunamis tend to slow down and their height grows immensely.

[ ]

The effects of tsunamis are dramatic. The huge powerful waves ruin everything on their way. They can carry heavy ships kilometres inland. They can sweep away buildings, cars and people. Another hazard is the debris carried along with the flood and causing even more destructions.

[ ]

Precise prediction of tsunamis is still a dream. Although scientists including oceanographers and seismologists analyse the data, they cannot say for sure whether an earthquake or any other disaster will result in a tsunami or not. That's why countermeasure systems are essential in the tsunami-prone regions. The system usually includes seawalls, warning signs, signs indicating the evacuation routes to higher grounds and shelters, warning sirens and manuals instructing people how to act during and after the catastrophe.

"Tsunami" is

a series of huge waves that only hit Japanese harbours.
the result of a large volume of water displacement.

Tsunami waves are

shorter in length than the wind waves.
longer in length than the wind waves.

If you see ocean water retreating unexpectedly, you should

flee to a higher ground.
stay and watch what is going on.

Meteotsunami is

one of the most common type.
quite rare.

Tsunami height is at its maximum

in the ocean.
on the shore.

Nowadays, scientists

can predict a tsunami days before it hits the shore.
can hardly predict tsunamis.

The "tsunami-prone regions" means

regions with the high risk of experiencing tsunamis.
regions which have already experienced at least one tsunami.

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