Задание

Read the text and fill it in with the numbers of the missing pieces

  1. (substances harmful to the environment)
  2. by adding gases and solids to it
  3. in which the developed nations agreed to limit their greenhouse gas emissions
  4. and living in poorly ventilated houses
  5. thick layer of gases that surrounds the earth
  6. especially those who live in cities
  7. in the same way as glass traps heat inside a greenhouse
  8. while other places will become wetter

Air is a mixture of gases, water vapour and dust particles. Air is part of the atmosphere. The atmosphere is the 10 km [ ]. In a day a person breathes in about 5,000 litres of air. Nowadays the problem of clean air has really become urgent. Roughly 30 percent of all asthma cases occur in children, [ ]. Asthma is also more common in poor urban areas and suburbs located near industries. The number of asthma patients have increased in recent years. Scientists believe that exposure to cigarette smoke, vehicle exhaust fumes, smoke from coal fires, [ ], all cause asthma.

When people burn fossil fuels to produce energy, many other gases and substances are also produced. These substances are passed into the air. They change the composition of the air [ ]. If large amounts of these substances enter the air, the air becomes polluted, which means it is not clean and may be harmful to people's health. Air pollution is a serious hazard in many cities across the world.

One of the effects of air pollution is global warming. Burning fossil fuels releases large amounts of pollutants [ ] into the atmosphere. Many of these pollutants are called greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases trap heat inside the earth's atmosphere, [ ]. These gases collect in the upper atmosphere and prevent heat from escaping into space. This causes the temperature of the earth to rise. This process is called global warming.

The two most serious effects of global warming are changes to the climate and a rise in sea levels. A warmer earth means that the weather patterns will change, so some places will become hotter and drier, [ ]. A warmer earth will cause the large areas of ice in the north and south poles to melt. This will release large amounts of water into the world's oceans. This could raise the sea level in some places by several metres. In December 1997, more than 10 nations met in Kyoto, Japan, to negotiate ways for developed nations to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The outcome of the meeting was the Kyoto Protocol. This was an agreement [ ], relative to the levels emitted in 1990. The United States only agreed to limit emissions starting in the period 2008 to 2012.