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The Moscow Metro is a rapid transit system serving Moscow and the neighbouring Moscow region towns of Krasnogorsk and Reutov. This is the second in intensity metro system in the world after the Tokyo subway. The system consists of 12 lines with a total length of 298.8 km, with 182 stations.
The first line was opened on May 15, 1935, and ran from the station "Sokolniki" to the station “Park Kultury”, with a branch to the station “Smolenskaya”. The Moscow Metro was originally named after L. Kaganovich. Almost from the first years of the Moscow Metro, it was intended to be used for civil defense. In April 1941 it was declared that the Metro was to be used as a mass bomb shelter. During World War II thousands of Muscovites were hiding there from airstrikes.
The Moscow Metro is known for the rich decorative design work of many stations with samples of art of socialist realism. Moscow metro stations are also called “underground palaces of Moscow” as they look like magnificent palace halls.
The underground complexes are decorated with statues and reliefs, monumental and decorative compositions such as paintings, mosaics and stained-glass windows, which were created by the leading artists of the country. For instance, stations “Pushkinskaya” and “Ploschad Revolyutsii” are decorated with 76 bronze sculptures by M. Manizer, and “Kropotkinskaya” and the Komsomolskaya- Koltsevaya with mosaics by P. Korin. Many stations belong to the most interesting monuments of the architecture of 1930–1950. Some of them are officially protected by the state.