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Westerners and Slavophiles

All Russian intellectuals are often called intelligentsia, but few people know that this term and the concept dates back only to mid-19th century, when the first revolutionary magazine Kolokol appeared. Until then Russian intellectuals were mainly offsprings of the . They were heirs of the Decembrists, a handful of Westernized and politically secularized dreamers who attempted to bring political reforms. Grouped in circles around the Moscow University, the intellectuals of the 1830s and 1840s fought a passionate war of ideas.

The Westerners saw their ideal in the reforms of Peter the Great. They felt that Russia’s backwardness should be honestly and the tsars method of imposing Western European models on Russia should continue. They could not agree on the method and discussed different ones from constitutional monarchy to a parliamentary republic. The Slavophiles, the contrary, argued that Peter the Great had departed too far from Russian national traditions. Their philosophy was based on Russian national , and the experience of the Russian Orthodox Church.

What is often forgotten is the fact that Slavophiles were not opponents of Western culture. They considered Russia to be a part of Europe and proposed returning not to some “peasant Mother Russia”, as their critics them of, but to the Christian roots common both to Russia and Western Europe.