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In Europe, Midsummer Night's Eve, also known as St John's Eve, occurs on June 23. It (originate) from the pagan celebrations of the summer solstice which were held on June 21.

On that night throughout Europe bonfires were lit along hillsides to celebrate the (short) night of the year. It must have looked as if some kind of violent insurrection (take) place down the coast of Scotland and England, but these signal fires in fact (have) a very important purpose.

Bones of farm animals slaughtered the previous autumn were burned and, when the fires (go) out, the remaining ash was put to good use: it was spread on the fields to enrich the land and ensure a good harvest. The word 'bonfire' is derived from 'bone fire'.