Задание

Match the texts A–G to the headings 1–8. There is one extra heading

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

The process of self-understanding

A species in danger

How to protect the environment

Historically formed emotion

Danger to the ecosystem

Information storage

Natural protection

The subject of scientific study

A. Under the water, along the southern coastline of Australia, lies the Great Southern Reef. Instead of being built by corals, it is mainly formed by a specific type of brown seaweed known as kelp. They grow and cover large areas, forming underwater forests that are home for many kinds of species. However, the Great Southern Reef is facing serious threats, mainly because of rising ocean temperatures. When the seawater becomes too warm, kelp can disappear, endangering the marine creatures that live in the reef ecosystem.

B. The lives of orangutans are particularly hard because they eat mostly fruit, which naturally goes in and out of season and can be hard to find at times. Periods with less fruit are becoming more common due to environmental changes like habitat destruction, climate change, and massive wildfires. When fruit is not available, orangutans resort to eating bark. Due to these reasons orangutans are critically endangered; as much as 97% of their population has been wiped out in the last century.

C. Almost one third of people on Earth live near the coast where they are at risk from floods. Coastal areas are often protected from flooding by human-built flood-protection structures. Now that Earth's climate is changing, sea-level rise and storms are becoming more intense and frequent, which increases the risk of flooding. Around the world, ecosystems like mangrove forests, salt marshes, and coral reefs can help to protect people from flooding. They contribute to greener, more biodiverse coasts, and make living along Earth's coastlines safer and more sustainable.

D. Written words are everywhere. Learning to read is one of the main tasks of our early school years, and the ability to read opens up a world of possibilities. When you look at writing, you are able to turn marks on a page into language — words that you can say and understand. As you read, you must move your eyes from word to word. Eye movements are very interesting to scientists because they tell us a lot about what makes words easy or hard to read and understand.

E. Every living cell contains structures called chromosomes. Each of them contains a polymer called deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, which is a molecule that carries information about the appearance and function of living organisms. Together, all this DNA is like a library of instructions that tell the cell itself, and any organism built from such cells, how to function. In human cells there are 23 pairs of chromosomes that contain all of our DNA.

F. When we are afraid of the dark, we feel negative emotions caused by the belief that something dangerous is nearby. This is a natural reaction, because humans tend to be afraid of dark spaces where it is hard to see what is happening around us. This comes from our prehistoric days. In the dark, humans would have been more likely to be attacked by predators because they could not see them. Fear protects us from harm by making us alert about our surroundings.

G. When we experience emotions, various bodily sensations help us to understand how we are feeling. Think about how you can feel your heart pounding when you are nervous, or your tummy rumble when you are hungry. This process of sensing internal bodily sensations is called interoception. Interoception helps us in lots of situations, from being prepared to run from danger to knowing when to eat. This makes interoception vital for human health and survival. So, finding ways to improve interoception is important.

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

The maximum score is 3 points for 7 correct answers.

6 correct answers — 2 points.

5 correct answers — 1 point.

4 or fewer correct answers — 0 points.

The score for the task: out of 3.