Exam format
Content of the Unified State Exam
Reading part
Parts:
- Matching headings and texts
- Matching parts of sentences (gapped text)
- Multiple choice questions
Total points: 14
Time: 30 mins
Exam tip
Exam advice
Multiple Choice Questions
- Read the whole text to get the general meaning.
- Look through the questions, then return to the text and underline the sentences relevant to the question.
- Compare the information in the text to the options and choose the closest possible one.
- Remember about "distractors" which are the elements that are the same as in the text, but they aren't true according to the text. They may be contained in the three wrong answers.
Read the article and choose the best option out of the four given
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4 , соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
The origin of cyberbullying
Early in the 1990s, the world was changing. Technological advances in personal computers exploded. Everybody who could not afford one now could. Everyone rushed to own one in the privacy of their homes. People could enjoy the freedom of exploring the endless possibilities of the internet, and while they were doing this, they entered chat rooms and meet other people from all over the world. Because of this, the 1990s was the decade where people enjoyed the magic and wonder of chatting up people they normally could not without the help of their personal computers. This is also where the first signs of cyberbullying started to happen.
During the rise of internet websites and chat rooms, it became clear many people enjoyed the freedom of being anonymous. Anyone could choose a nickname and enter a chat. Nobody knew who anyone was, people only knew others by their nickname. Because some people lie and make up stories, some uncomfortable situations were created. There would be some instances where harassment happened. In a world where everyone's true identities were hidden, is a world where anything can be said. There were few consequences for people's actions. Many people learned that they could get away with trolling and harassment. While most people just logged out of the chatrooms and public online areas because they were annoyed, some of the texts were dark, disturbing, and humiliating enough to affect people.
These first public online meeting places had little to no monitors. Personal websites started to appear on a screen, anyone could have their own corner of the internet to write about their thoughts for all the world to see. Like the chatrooms, these websites were never censored, and there were no government laws back then to protect victims of cyberbullying. As time continued into the mid-2000s, mobile phones allowed users to have access to the internet and to one another. At the same time, social media websites were launched. While it took time for them to build into the giants that they are today, the fact people can create fake accounts has never changed.
It is very difficult to legally put an end to bullying. What is worse, is when someone is cyberstalking. Social media has taken the internet by storm. Millions of users interact with one another every day. In the 2000s, one US state created the first cyberbullying law. This was a good start, and soon other states followed; however, each state has its own rules and regulations, and still to this day it's difficult to bring a cyberbully to justice if they are in another state or country. Teenagers often hide what happens to them. Now in modern times, they use their own mobile phone. Cyberbullies text, harass and humiliate their victim in private.
Modern teenagers use their mobile phones more than the previous generations to access the internet and keep in touch with everyone. It also facilitates cyberbullying because mobiles are private devices. Teenagers can be threatened and stalked by a cyberbully without anyone knowing because it is only on their phones. When the internet first became popular, bullying was only witnessed in real life. No one knew how to stop or prevent it. Now it is an issue that people can no longer ignore. Teenagers become isolated, frustrated, and depressed when they are cyberattacked. Now there are serious laws put in place to give a helping hand to help stop cyberbullying and prevent it from continuing.
"Because of this" in the first paragraph refers to …
entering chat rooms.
technological advances.
the endless possibilities of the internet.
affordability of computers.
Ответ: [ ]
When were the first signs of cyberbullying?
In the mid-2000s.
In the 1990s.
When people got access to chat rooms.
When computers were updated.
Ответ: [ ]
What did NOT the opportunity of communication in chat rooms bring to people?
Enjoyment of communication.
The opportunity to remain anonymous.
To choose various nicknames.
The freedom to use various websites.
Ответ: [ ]
According to the second paragraph people turned to cyberbullying because …
their identities were hidden.
they could escape from responsibility easily.
they could log out of the chatrooms.
they were able to choose nicknames.
Ответ: [ ]
What is the main idea of paragraph 3?
The development of technologies made cyberbullying irreversible.
Personal websites became accessible to everyone.
Mobile phone development gave access to all information online.
The government couldn't control the development of the internet.
Ответ: [ ]
Why is it difficult to stop or control bullying?
There is no one unified international law concerning cyberbullying.
No one wants to reveal that they are cyberstalked.
Each American state has its own laws and regulations.
The humiliating texts are sent only privately.
Ответ: [ ]
According to the author, cyberbullying has spread more because ...
the modern generation is isolated and frustrated.
no one has found a way to control it.
everyone has free access to the internet via personal devices.
teenagers don't communicate face-to-face anymore.
Ответ: [ ]
The maximum score is 7 points for 7 correct answers.
For each correct answer, 1 point is given.
The score for the task:[ ] out of 7.
Technological advances in personal computers exploded. All the rest were examples of these advances.
the 1990s was the decade where people enjoyed the magic and wonder of chatting up people they normally could not without the help of their personal computers. This is also where the first signs of cyberbullying started to happen.
During the rise of internet websites and chat rooms, it became clear many people enjoyed the freedom of being anonymous.
Many people learned that they could get away with trolling and harassment.
... the fact people can create fake accounts has never changed.
... each state has its own rules and regulations, and still to this day it's difficult to bring a cyberbully to justice if they are in another state or country.
... to access the internet and keep in touch with everyone. It also facilitates cyberbullying because mobiles are private devices.