10.Установи соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занеси свои ответы в поле ответа. Используй каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. 1. How much microplastic do people eat? 2. Worldwide distribution of microplastics 3. Effects on animals and nature 4. Potential health risks to humans 5. A plastic-free diet 6. What are microplastics? 7. How to avoid microplastics? 8. Sources of microplastic A.Plastic is a solid, synthetic material made from oil and gas or renewable organic material from plants. It is the third-most abundant material after concrete and steel. Plastic is hugely important for society due to its uses in many different sectors, including medicine, construction, food packaging, electronics and transport. Microplastics are microscopic pieces of plastic debris. You need a microscope to see most of them. B. Microplastics come from many different places. Due to the wide range of plastics and their applications and forms, microplastics are found in a variety of shapes and types. Even opening a plastic bottle or plastic container can create thousands of microplastics. Microplastics move throughout the environment via both human and natural processes. For example, winds can mobilise the soil in dry conditions, potentially blowing the microplastics away. C.Over the last few decades, the evidence on the extent of microplastic pollution has been growing. Originally perceived as a marine issue, scientists have recently discovered they also contaminate rivers, soils and air. They have even found their way into some of the most remote regions, including the poles, the equator, the deep ocean floor and even Mount Everest. D. Microplastics damage marine life. There are several ways microplastics harm marine animals. The most obvious is that they can block an animal's digestive system, which in turn reduces their consumption of nourishment, affecting growth and reproduction. This can be fatal for some animals as they eventually starve to death. In addition, the chemical composition of microplastics also affects marine life. They contain harmful chemicals that pose risks to marine ecosystems and biodiversity. E. Microplastics have been found in a range of food and drinks, mostly bottled and tap water, shellfish and salt. They've also been measured in indoor dust, which may settle on our food and drinks. Current studies suggest that in our lifetime we eat approximately 20 kg of microplastics. There are also many food types which we consume a lot but researchers haven't investigated them yet. So it is hard to get a clear picture of exactly how many microplastics we consume. F.There is currently not enough evidence to say how harmful microplastics are to humans, because this is a relatively new topic and very few studies have examined it. One of the most recent studies looked at the effects of microplastics in laboratory mice. When fed to mice, the microplastics, accumulated in the liver and kidneys, increased levels of a molecule that may be toxic to the brain. However, scientists have only experimented on animals so far, so we can't say for sure that the same harmful effect will occur in humans. However, it is obvious that microplastics can cause harm. G.While we don't know much about microplastics, we may still limit our exposure to them. Drinking filtered tap water and choosing natural-based products over plastic for ourselves and our environment will help to reduce our microplastic exposure. Minimising everyone's exposure requires a global effort to limit microplastics release to the environment. Things we could do to contribute to this include avoiding single-use plastic while shopping (and bringing your own bag), reducing plastic waste and washing clothes less often. Whatever the solution, it's important to remember that it's better for both the planet and people.

Задание

10. Установи соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занеси свои ответы в поле ответа. Используй каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. How much microplastic do people eat?

2. Worldwide distribution of microplastics

3. Effects on animals and nature

4. Potential health risks to humans

5. A plastic-free diet

6. What are microplastics?

7. How to avoid microplastics?

8. Sources of microplastic

A. Plastic is a solid, synthetic material made from oil and gas or renewable organic material from plants. It is the third-most abundant material after concrete and steel. Plastic is hugely important for society due to its uses in many different sectors, including medicine, construction, food packaging, electronics and transport. Microplastics are microscopic pieces of plastic debris. You need a microscope to see most of them.

B. Microplastics come from many different places. Due to the wide range of plastics and their applications and forms, microplastics are found in a variety of shapes and types. Even opening a plastic bottle or plastic container can create thousands of microplastics. Microplastics move throughout the environment via both human and natural processes. For example, winds can mobilise the soil in dry conditions, potentially blowing the microplastics away.

C. Over the last few decades, the evidence on the extent of microplastic pollution has been growing. Originally perceived as a marine issue, scientists have recently discovered they also contaminate rivers, soils and air. They have even found their way into some of the most remote regions, including the poles, the equator, the deep ocean floor and even Mount Everest.

D. Microplastics damage marine life. There are several ways microplastics harm marine animals. The most obvious is that they can block an animal's digestive system, which in turn reduces their consumption of nourishment, affecting growth and reproduction. This can be fatal for some animals as they eventually starve to death. In addition, the chemical composition of microplastics also affects marine life. They contain harmful chemicals that pose risks to marine ecosystems and biodiversity.

E. Microplastics have been found in a range of food and drinks, mostly bottled and tap water, shellfish and salt. They've also been measured in indoor dust, which may settle on our food and drinks. Current studies suggest that in our lifetime we eat approximately 20 kg of microplastics. There are also many food types which we consume a lot but researchers haven't investigated them yet. So it is hard to get a clear picture of exactly how many microplastics we consume.

F. There is currently not enough evidence to say how harmful microplastics are to humans, because this is a relatively new topic and very few studies have examined it. One of the most recent studies looked at the effects of microplastics in laboratory mice. When fed to mice, the microplastics, accumulated in the liver and kidneys, increased levels of a molecule that may be toxic to the brain. However, scientists have only experimented on animals so far, so we can't say for sure that the same harmful effect will occur in humans. However, it is obvious that microplastics can cause harm.

G. While we don't know much about microplastics, we may still limit our exposure to them. Drinking filtered tap water and choosing natural-based products over plastic for ourselves and our environment will help to reduce our microplastic exposure. Minimising everyone's exposure requires a global effort to limit microplastics release to the environment. Things we could do to contribute to this include avoiding single-use plastic while shopping (and bringing your own bag), reducing plastic waste and washing clothes less often. Whatever the solution, it's important to remember that it's better for both the planet and people.

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