Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Changed from ancient times
2. First played in England
3. Appeared in the 19th century
4. Based on the children’s game
5. Played on pastures
6. Driven by 2 games
7. Highly arguable for Scottish people
8. Developed by the principal
A. The origins of golf are highly debated. The Scots take total credit for it, and they are kind of right. The modern foundation of the game started in the mid-15th century in Scotland. However, there is evidence that the roots of the game sprouted in the small town of Loenen aan de Vecht in the Netherlands when it was played there in 1297. Besides the mention of colf in 1297, there is other evidence of golf-like games being played throughout the Netherlands centuries before the game of golf first appeared in Scottish literature in 1636.
B. Canadians are gleefully boastful about their ice hockey heritage. According to them, it’s their game. However, according to a book that was published in 2014, hockey was probably invented in England. There are references to the game all the way back to as early the 1790s, and beyond that, it is unclear who created the game. Notable people who played included King Edward VII and Charles Darwin. Why Canada is often associated with hockey is that the first organized public game was played in Montreal on March 3, 1875. Before that, games were just played casually.
C. Rugby supposedly got its start in 1876 when 16-year-old William Webb Ellis was playing soccer at the Rugby School in Warwickshire, England, and he picked up the ball and ran with it. Unfortunately, the story can’t be true because Ellis died in 1872, four years before he was credited with inventing rugby. The real story is that the game did grow out of the Rugby School and it was promoted by the school’s headmaster Thomas Arnold. The rules were first written in 1845 and it’s believed that the game grew out of soccer, but it’s unclear who was the first person to pick up the ball and run with it.
D. Cricket is beloved in many countries around the world and watched by billions of people. In fact, it is the second most popular sport in the world. Cricket is believed to have gotten its start in the 13th century in rural England, where it was played by shepherds. The wicket gate of the sheep paddock was used as a target and then a ball of rags or wool was pitched at the target. An opposing player would use a shepherd’s crooked staff to prevent the ball from hitting the target.
E. It’s believed that the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans all played some form of tennis. However, the linage of modern tennis starts around 1000 A.D. when it was played by French monks in a monastery. They would play with their hands and a wooded ball. The net was usually just a rope that stretched across a courtyard. This is also where tennis got its name. While playing, the monks would yell "tenez", which is French for "to take", while they served the ball. Over the next two centuries, the game gained popularity throughout Europe.
F. Dr. James Naismith of Almonte, Ontario was born in 1861, he got his degree in physical education. After graduating, he moved to the United States, where he got a job at the Training School in Springfield. There, he was tasked with finding a suitable activity for a group of “incorrigibles.” The winters were cold in New England and the boys had to stay inside and became bored with all the games of the day. Naismith developed basketball remembering the game he played as a child called Duck on a Rock.
G. The most common legend of the start of baseball is that it was invented in Cooperstown, New York, during the summer of 1839 by Abner Doubleday. After inventing the game, Doubleday went on to become a hero in the American Civil War. The only problem is that none of that is true. In 1839, Doubleday would have still been at West Point. Baseball probably descended from two games from England. The first is a game called rounders that was a children’s game that came to New England with the colonists, and the second is cricket.