Задание

Text 1 The Donkey.

In today’s modern world of articulated lorries, high-speed railways and super-efficient courier services, it is easy to forget that many rural communities and villages across the world would disappear if there were no donkeys. Much of the world is dependent on donkeys moving food from farms to small towns. Donkeys generally work very hard in rural and mountainous areas where there aren’t any modern transport facilities. They carry huge amounts of food from the villages to the towns and bring fertilisers and other supplies back to the village. If a lorry runs out of diesel or petrol, it cannot be used, but the donkey just needs grass, water and rest and is ready to work again for long hours.

Text 2 The Railways.

Many countries have an effective network of railways to help transport different types of goods, mostly unperishable goods. The earliest recorded system was in Ancient Greece in 600BC. Since then, rail-links were built to connect short distances. In the 19th century, this changed dramatically. Many countries developed their own network with private links between different towns with Germany and Britain leading the way. These links provided the capacity to carry heavy goods such as coal, iron ore and wood. Building a railway was tremendously hard work for labourers. Railways are extremely expensive to construct but essential for transporting raw materials and finished goods such as textiles quickly and cheaply. In the early 19th century, the first passengers travelled on the railways with horse-drawn carriages. From 1840 -1850, Britain was completely connected by railways and used steam engines to pull carriages. Reading & Writing

Text 3 Air Travel.

Air-travel is the most modern form of public transport and it was developed in the 20th century. Millions of people use airplanes for a variety of reasons. It is also extremely expensive to set up air-travel facilities. Some travel for business, others go on holiday by air and others use cargo planes to move their products from country to country very quickly. Some courier companies now have their own fleet of planes ready to carry parcels and post more efficiently. There are different types of passenger services – some are cheap and provide a ‘no-frills’ service which is good for short journeys. Other airlines provide passengers with a luxurious flying experience. Airports are getting busier and it is evident that more passengers and businesses than ever are using airplanes to get to their destinations.

Join the first half of the sentence in Column A to the correct ending in Column B:

Many remote communities need

mules

British railway networks developed

Many countries have an effective network

of railways

Railways are extremely expensive to

construct

Some courier companies now have their

own fleet of planes

Airports are getting busier

to transport food, raw

materials and essentials.

extremely quickly during the mid19th

century.

to transport non-food goods.

but are needed by industry and

governments for quick transport.

because they can deliver a more

efficient service

because more passengers and

businesses are using air transport.