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Forest Problems
Deforestation [has been|is] one of the most discussed eco problems in modern world society. There are countries like Sweden, Finland and Japan that [can be|could have been] a good example of efficient reforestation policies. But if you [will make|make] a careful review, you [could have found|can find out] numerous pitfalls.
Let's take a closer look at a Japanese forest as an example. It [was|is] nice and thick. All trees of the same breed and about the same height [are growing|grow] in rows. If you [will stand|stand] there and [will look|look] around, you [will feel|feel] that something [has been|is] wrong with this place. You [listen|listened] … and you [aren't hearing|don't hear] anything. In a forest like this, there [will be|are] no birds, no animals, no insects. It [was|is] not a dead forest, but a plantation [creating|created] for the sole purpose of [providing|provided] raw materials for the wood industry.
Plantations like this [replaced|have been replacing] natural forests since the middle of the 20th century with its tremendous need for materials like wood [urged|urging] by the wartime bombings and losses. In order to feed people and rebuild the destroyed houses, several tree species, which [had been|were] the most suitable for this purpose, [selected|were selected] and [planting|planted] all over the territory. Everything [would go|went] well and no one [expected|had expected] a wide range of problems [appearing|to appear] . To understand what kind of problems, we [need|would need] to understand what a natural forest [was|is].
A traditional forest is an ecosystem, a vast community in which all elements [interact|are interacted] with each other. Besides, a big variety of living organisms like birds, animals, insects, plants, etc. [will be closely related|are closely related] to inanimate nature: soil, water and air. They support and strengthen each other. In such a forest there is nothing accidental: mushrooms, mosses, trees of different types appear where they are needed. Everything here [was born|is born] and [dies|will die] according to natural laws.