Задание

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The Battle of Moscow began on October 2, 1941, when the Operation Typhoon started. The Germans had 1 million men, 1,700 tanks and 950 planes, while the Soviet capital was defended by 500,000 men, about 900 tanks and 300 planes. By October 7, the main routes to Moscow were open to the Wehrmacht. However, the German advance was stopped at the towns of Vyzma and Bryansk. This gave the Moscow defenders commanded by Georgi Zhukov enough time to organize the defense at the Mozhaisk Line. The Germans attacked the Mozhaisk Line and broke through in several areas, approaching the Russian capital to 45 miles from the center. By mid-October, however, heavy rain turned the roads into sea of mud which temporarily put the German tanks and vehicles out of service. The Typhoon Offensive came to an end and let the Soviets to turn their capital into a fortress. By mid-November, the ground was finally frozen and the Germans decided to launch a second offensive on Moscow. The Germans managed to break through the defensive line and came as far as 18 miles to the center of Moscow. On December 5, Stalin approved counterattack north of Moscow and another one south of the city on December 15. The German army was now facing 1,1 million men who were well prepared and used to temperatures as low as -28 degrees Celsius. By January 7, the Wehrmacht was pushed 62-160 miles (100-250 kilometers) from the Soviet capital and Stalin did not give the Germans another chance to get as close to Moscow until the end of the war. Victims of the Battle of Moscow vary greatly but it is estimated that about 1 million men were killed, wounded or captured from October 1941 to January 1942.