Read the text and answer the questions. Choose one correct answer to each question Whatever the language of the future will be, the language of art is eternal, and works of art will speak for themselves. About Francisco de Goya Francisco de Goya, sometimes called the father of modern art, was born in 1746. The son of a gilder, Goya spent some of his youth in Saragossa. There he began studying painting around the age of fourteen. At first Goya copied the works of such artists as Velázquez and Rembrandt van Rijn. Then he spent some time in Rome, Italy, to advance his skills. Later, Goya moved to Madrid. Through the German artist Anton Raphael Mengs, Goya started to create works for Spain's royal family. Soon he was appointed as official court painter to three generations of Spanish kings. He continued to rise in status and established a reputation as a portrait artist winning commissions from many in royal circles. Works such as Doña Isabel de Porcel illustrate Goya's eye for detail. It is one of his typical portraits of the Spanish nobility. The artist skilfully captured the tiniest elements of the face and clothes. The wealthy Spanish lady in the portrait is dressed up in a kind of folk costume, then the height of fashion in Madrid. Goya painted her with soft flattering brushstrokes using the black lace of her shawl to show off her fresh pink colouring. Goya must have painted the lady in the early 1800s. The finished portrait was exhibited in Madrid in 1805. The artist earned fame in his own lifetime. He got his fortune painting not only beautiful portraits of Spain's fashionable elite. He also excelled at another, very different kind of art — grotesque prints, mocking at the faults he saw in the world around him. In them, the artist criticized the social and political problems of his era. Nothing escaped his critical eye, not even himself. The print Neither More Nor Less shows a monkey painting an ass. In this print Goya makes fun of his own profession. The ass poses proudly, getting the light, while the monkey-artist crouches humbly in the dark. The monkey's picture flatters the ass by hiding its huge ears. But in reality, the ass looks awkward and silly. The title of the print is probably a sarcastic reference to the accuracy of most fashionable portraits. Later though Goya fell out of favour. He even got into trouble with the Inquisition because he had once painted a nude woman. In 1792 Goya became completely deaf after suffering from an unknown malady. He started to work on non-commissioned paintings during his recovery, including portraits of women from all walks of life. His style changed somewhat as well. Goya died in France in 1828. How did Goya learn to paint? By copying works of great masters. By helping his father in his work. By studying at special courses on advanced painting. How did Goya manage to become an official court painter? His father's status helped him. His professional acquaintances helped him. His travellings around Europe helped him. What is known about the picture "Dona Isabel de Porcel"? Goya had a deadline to finish it in the early 1800s. The portrait became a private possession and was kept secret. The charm of the picture is in colour contrast. What was typical of Goya's portraits of Spanish nobility? Dark colours. Difference between noble faces and folk costumes. Precise portrayal of small details. Why did Goya paint his grotesque pictures? To emphasise the drawbacks of the human nature and attract people's attention to social problems. To criticize himself. To try something different from portraits of the elite. What is Goya trying to say in the print "Neither more nor less"? That artists are never able to paint animals true-to-life. That artists in their pictures exaggerate beauty and hide drawbacks of their noble clients. That the profession of an artist is useless and shallow. How was Goya's last period of the career different? He retreated from the noble world himself because he got disappointed with it. His poor health made him a worse artist. He became less successful and painted for the sake of art, not money.