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Air pollution is the presence of one or more contaminants in the atmosphere, such as dust, fumes, gas, mist, odour or smoke in great quantities and duration that can be injurious to human health. The main pathway of exposure from air pollution is through the respiratory tract. Breathing in these pollutants leads to inflammation, oxidative stress, immunosuppression, and mutagenicity in cells throughout our body, impacting the lungs, heart, brain among other organs and ultimately leading to disease. Air pollution is a risk for all-cause mortality as well as specific diseases. The specific disease outcomes most strongly linked with exposure to air pollution include stroke, ischaemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, pneumonia, and cataract \(household air pollution only\). There is suggestive evidence also linking air pollution exposure with increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes \(low\-birth weight, small for gestational age\), other cancers, diabetes, cognitive impairment and neurological diseases. Although there are many toxins that have adverse impacts on health, pollutants with the strongest evidence for public health concern include particulate matter \(PM\), carbon monoxide \(CO\), ozone \(O3\), nitrogen dioxide \(NO2\) and sulphur dioxide \(SO2\). Fine particulate matter is an especially important source of health risks, as these very small particles can penetrate deep into the lungs, enter the bloodstream, and travel to organs causing systemic damages to tissues and cells. The children, elderly and pregnant women are more susceptible to air pollution-related diseases. Genetics, comorbidities, nutrition and sociodemographic factors also impact a person’s susceptibility to air pollution.
Complete the sentence.
Breathing in dust, fumes, gas, mist, odour or smoke in great quantities and duration leads to ...
- different problems of our body such as inflammations and oxidative stresses impacting your lungs, heart and brain.
- stroke, heart diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia and cataract.
- increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
- diabetes, cognitive impairment and neurological diseases.