Задание
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7.
Одна из частей в списке 1–7лишняя.
1. but also its broader mathematical implications
2. who wrote to the famous mathematician
3. due to these changes over time
4. that would cross each of its seven bridges once
5. a collection of vertices and edges
6. situated on both sides of the river
7. to represent the larger situation of landmasses
How an urban puzzle inspired a new field of Mathematics
The story starts with the mayor of Königsberg, A_______________________ Leonhard Euler. The problem was to arrange a walk through the city B _______________________. At first, Euler thought this question trivial, but this problem and the lack of solution helped make a start of new mathematical branches of topology and graph theory.
The city itself, now part of Russia, was C_______________________ and included two islands, each connected to the other as well as the mainland. Even though Euler didn’t consider it to be of any difficulty, he was still intrigued by it. Eventually, Euler published a paper in 1741 addressing both the specific Königsberg puzzle D_______________________. Euler’s innovation was in viewing the task abstractly. Using lines and letters to represent the larger situation of landmasses and bridges, Euler concluded that no solution was even theoretically possible. Through this paper, Euler accidentally sparked a new branch of mathematics called graph theory, where a graph is simply E_______________________. What Euler called the “geometry of position” formed the basis of this new frontier.
As for the city itself, since renamed Kaliningrad: two of the bridges were bombed out in World War II. Two others were later swapped out in favour of highways. Only three remain, situated in the midst of a city, that was largely rebuilt in the wake of the war. Today, a positive solution to the bridge problem actually exists F_______________________ . From the time Euler solved this problem to today, graph theory has become an important branch of mathematics, which guides the basis of our thinking about networks.
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F