Задание
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Like so many parents, I have thousands of unsorted jpegs of my children on my phone and laptop. Few of these get printed, let alone framed. I made a beautiful album documenting my first son’s first year in the world, but abandoned all such niceties in favour of survival once number two came along. Towards the end of writing my book Family Photography Now, when every interruption from my two small boys was met with irritation or impatience, I came across a piece of research suggesting that children who grow up with family photographs around the home develop greater confidence and self-esteem. It appeared that I was so busy trying to finish a book about family photography, I couldn’t possibly find time to sort through pictures of my own kids. This stung my conscience. Shackled by a working mother’s guilt, I printed more than 1,000 photos from the last three years. The boys were elated. We reminisced, cuddled and laughed as we looked through a mountain of 6in x 4in prints, sent packages to grandparents, plastered the fridge with happy memories and finally made our contribution to the nursery’s family tree display.
Naturally, I binned all the photos in which I looked fat, fed-up or frustrated, along with all those that triggered memories of days out ruined by whingeing or stand-offs over eating vegetables. If I was finally going to make a family album, it was only going to show happy days. Isn’t that the point? Family life can be thankless and boring at times. We don’t need photographs to remind us of that. We need them to help us remember it more fondly, supporting us against the sometimes troubling reality. The extent to which we survive and – with luck – thrive within our family has a lot to do with the narrative we tell ourselves about it, and photographs play a powerful role in shaping that. In 1900, when Kodak launched the Box Brownie camera, priced at $1 and preloaded with film, more and more families began to take their own pictures. First smiles, first steps, birthdays, and holidays made up the vast majority of the so-called Kodak moments of the 20th century. Almost every middle-class family around the world owned some kind of point-and-shoot camera by the end of the 20th century. But it was the combined influence of digital photography and mobile phone technology at the start of the 21st century that almost universalised access to the medium. Today, the United Nations estimates that 6 billion of the world’s 7 billion people have mobile phones, and at least 80% of those have cameras. The vast majority of people taking pictures now have only ever done so on a phone, and “photo chat” has become an essential way to stay connected to family and friends. But what exactly makes a good family photo? The internet is awash with articles offering tips and techniques for showing off the best effect: keep everyone close together but avoid placing people in a straight line; locate head heights for a nice rise-and-fall rhythm; show the special relationship between Mum and Dad that glues everyone together; hold hands, high five or all jump for joy at the same time. As the photographer Martin Parr has said: “Most family albums are a form of propaganda, where the family looks perfect and everyone is smiling.” “Look at us! So loving, so happy, so normal.” That has been the basic message of family photography for decades. Today’s families may strike more informal poses than their Victorian counterparts and assemble their images on digital walls rather than in physical albums, but the domestic photograph is still, largely, a tool for self-promotion.
16. According to the author, is it right to eliminate photos from the family album?
1) It is right because sometimes she doesn’t look good.
2) It is right because the photos reflect unpleasant moments.
3) It is not right because the photos help to overcome difficulties
4) It is not right because of their powerful role for children’s upbringing.