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Прочитай текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запиши в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному тобой варианту ответа.
Strategies and useful tips

1. Recommended time—15 min (not more).
2. Read the text carefully—you may need to read it, or parts of it, twice.
3. Look at the first question.
4. Look back to the text and find/highlight the part which the question refers to.
5. If you have time, think how this information might be rephrased (or how you would answer the question in your own words).
6. Look at the choices and either choose the answer that you think is right or eliminate the ones you know are wrong.
7. Check against the text.

Ecotourism

Today, ecotourism is actively developing. Although it took only about 2 % of the travel industry of Russia in 2020, it is considered one of the most promising directions. In present conditions, plenty of Russians have made their choice of outdoor recreation. People attended nature reserves, national parks and different beautiful places.

But what is ecotourism, and how is it different from camping? What can it offer tourists?

Ecological tourism is a sphere of tourism aimed at visiting a natural environment, like lakes, caverns, hills and mountains, nature reserves, etc. This natural environment does not serve for having picnics or fun. The main goal of this kind of tourism is to show a person the beauty of nature, its glory. So, one of the main points in ecotourism is the minimal impact of a person on nature.

In our country, ecotourism appeared in the 1980s. It began with a few routes in the coastal zone of Lake Baikal. These routes were called "ecological" because they suppose the minimum influence of a tourist on nature.

Ecotourism and camping are not the same. What is the difference between the two terms? When people camp, they build a fire, roast meat, set tents, fish and play active games. It sounds good, but what do they have in the result? The trees are cut off for the fire and tents, the fish is caught, the field is jammed and the trash is left. And it does not sound ecological anymore. Ecotourism supposes that the resting people do not disrupt the natural balance. They have the role of contemplators. They came here to admire nature. What is the use? It is vital to mention that it may have a few advantages. For instance, people can breathe clean air without poisonous fuels or gases. Urban life is closely coherent with air pollution, chlorinated water and polluted land. All these things may cause various health problems. Even a simple headache may be evoked by dirty air. In nature reserves and national parks, we can make a big step to improving our state.

Nowadays, an average person spends plenty of time at work. Work interrelates with stress. Noise from vehicles surrounds us. Nature can help us to calm down and relax. We may sit down and ponder over their life, breathe in the fresh air and look at the beautiful sceneries around. Sometimes, it is enough for a person to make an important decision they couldn't because of the constant stress and hurry.

When we see the beauty of nature, we admire it and conclude we must save it for future generations. After getting back from such a trip, many people realise how vital it is to protect the environment, to save its gorgeousness, and to teach the children to act so.

\(\boxed{12}\) According to the author, a promising direction is...

1. camping.

2. urban life.

3. ecological tourism.

4. travelling.

Ответ: [ ].

\(\boxed{13}\) Which of these is the goal of ecotourism?

1. You have a picnic outdoors.

2. You visit a natural environment.

3. You do not buy any plastic or disposable things.

4. You have the opportunity to clean a forest and plant new trees.

Ответ: [ ].

\(\boxed{14}\) What is the difference between ecotourism and camping?

1. There is no difference; it is the same.

2. You build a fire, have a picnic, and play active games.

3. You visit lakes, caverns, and nature reserves.

4. You have the role of a contemplator.

Ответ: [ ].

\(\boxed{15}\) When did ecological tourism appear in Russia?

1. At the end of the XX century.

2. In 2020.

3. In Ancient Rus.

4. It does not exist in Russia.

Ответ: [ ].

\(\boxed{16}\) According to the author…

1. urban life may cause a bunch of various health problems.

2. breathing too much fresh air may cause a headache.

3. chlorinated water is a forced necessity.

4. you cannot find a place without poisonous fuels or gases.

Ответ: [ ].

\(\boxed{17}\) Why is it a problem to make a decision?

1. People have constant headaches.

2. People live in a stress, hurry, and noisy atmosphere.

3. People are too nervous nowadays.

4. People spend too much time at work.

Ответ: [ ].

\(\boxed{18}\) What does a person realise after being an ecotourist?

1. You must leave your work and move to the countryside.

2. You should work in a nature reserve.

3. You must protect nature and teach your descendants it.

4. You should never take your children on a journey with you.

Ответ: [ ].