Запиши ответы

Прочитай текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запиши в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному тобой варианту ответа.
Strategies and useful tips

1. Recommended time—15 minutes (not more).
2. Read the text carefully—you may need to read it, or parts of it, twice.
3. Look at the first question.
4. Look back to the text and find/highlight the part which the question refers to.
5. If you have time, think how this information might be rephrased (or how you would answer the question in your own words).
6. Look at the choices, and either choose the answer that you think is right or eliminate the ones you know are wrong.
7. Check against the text.

Four Winds

Unemployment is a constant phenomenon in the economy. The economy as a phenomenon is cyclical. First, it goes to growth, then to decline. And these properties of economies are repeated from decade to decade. Usually, the reasons for unemployment are the emergence of new technologies, the economic crisis, the depreciation of the currency and human labor.

But sometimes the causes of unemployment can be ordinary weather. It happened once in the United States, and Americans call this time a Dusty Cauldron. At that time, people from such states as Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas and Colorado, ordinary farmers faced such a long absence of rain and dust storms that they had to leave their lands. Many of them left their home, others ate the last wheat ears to the last in worn-out clothes. There were cases when the father of the family ran away, in tragic cases before that he killed his family. Mothers sold their children to keep them from starving to death. People started to suffer from asthma and other lung diseases, and it was harmful to health.

Many families left for Los Angeles, where they thought that they had a job waiting for them. But there they became Oki, refugees from disadvantaged statuses. Many of them lived in a tent for several years. The employers themselves were capitalists and reduced wages more and more. At that time, people did not have strong trade unions and strikes did not lead to anything. So, the life of farmers who wanted to work on their land turned into hell.

Time put an end to the whole story. Roosevelt began paying farmers to let the land rest for a couple of seasons. Farmers were taught how to cultivate the land properly. Finally, the rains began and many returned to their homeland. But the dusty cauldron will remain in the history of the country as the most terribly hungry years, the enemy is the weather, not people, and it is impossible to resist it.

\(\boxed{12}\) According to the law of Economics, it

1. is cyclical

2. is becoming more economical

3. makes people richer

4. has the shape of a pyramid

Ответ: [ ]

\(\boxed{13}\) Finance is most often the cause of unemployment, but during the dusty cauldron, the cause was

1. war

2. Mexicans

3. dust and no rain

4. overthrow of the president

Ответ: [ ]

\(\boxed{14}\) As a result, the most affected were

1. capitalists

2. farmers

3. government

4. large families

Ответ: [ ]

\(\boxed{15}\) The city to which the majority went was

1. Washington

2. Los Angeles

3. New York

4. Las Vegas

Ответ: [ ]

\(\boxed{16}\) Oki is

1. refugees from the central states

2. the name of the unemployment of that time

3. currency

4. special tax

Ответ: [ ]

\(\boxed{17}\) People could not resist the capitalists because

1. they did not have strong trade unions

2. they didn't want to become communists

3. there were only women among them

4. they were satisfied with the salary

Ответ: [ ]

\(\boxed{18}\) Roosevelt's policies helped farmers

1. take loans for new equipment

2. become residents of Los Angeles

3. move to the north of the country

4. cultivate the soil properly

Ответ: [ ]