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Прочитай текст и выполни задания 12–18. В каждом задании запиши в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному тобой варианту ответа.
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Recommended time is 15 min (not more).

Read the text carefully: you may need to read it, or parts of it, twice.

Look at the first question.

Look back to the text and find/highlight the part which the question refers to.

If you have time, think how this information might be rephrased (or how you would answer the question in your own words).

Look at the choices, and either choose the answer that you think is right or eliminate the ones you know are wrong.

Check against the text.

Life in the City vs Life in the Countryside in Russia and Abroad

In Russia, around 75 % of the population lives in cities. Big cities were favoured by Soviet planners. They gave them more money in comparison to smaller cities. As a result, most of the population is urban nowadays. Big cosmopolitans provide their residents with plenty of conveniences, good infrastructure, and other facilities needed for modern life. Anyway, 25 % per cent of the population is still rural.

Residents of rural districts have a tendency to spend more time at home than city dwellers. As the territory allows country houses can be much bigger in space and almost all cases have private gardens. Country people's needs are simpler and fewer Western-oriented than city people. As a result, they need less money to spend on leisure activities. Most of the rural citizens' daily routines have remained unchanged even over many generations, and their life still depends a lot on agriculture.

Nowadays there is a tendency among young people to come back to their rural villages after getting higher education or technical training that is only available in cities and is becoming increasingly important to run mechanized farming operations and agroindustrial firms. They do this because the government provides financial support for young specialists which motivates them to return to distant regions. Unfortunately, the majority of those newcomers stay there for a short period of time until they are able to find more prospective career opportunities elsewhere.

The USA, like Russia, is a highly urbanized country. Anyway, rural areas make up a considerable share of the population and economy in the United States. Rural areas are home to around one-fifth of all Americans. In addition, for all American citizens, remote areas are critical sources of water, food, and energy. Rural areas represent about 95 per cent of the United States' landmass and include a significant amount of the country's essential natural resources. However, even this fact cannot prevent the fact that rural counties are suffering population loss. As rural areas get less funding thus the quality of life is also lower than in the urban areas.

\(\boxed{12}\) According to the author, big cities…

1. were always popular;

2. were in favour during Soviet times;

3. got less funding;

4. were in favour of citizens.

Ответ: [ ].

\(\boxed{13}\) Most of the population is urban, because...

1. authorities do not support rural areas at all;

2. people cannot move to the countryside;

3. rural areas disappeared;

4. there are plenty of different facilities.

Ответ: [ ].

\(\boxed{14}\) What is not mentioned in the text among the differences between city and village life?

1. Ways of entertaining.

2. The size of the housing.

3. Different daily routine.

4. Different amounts of spendings.

Ответ:[ ].

\(\boxed{15}\) Why do some young professionals move to the country?

1. Because there are not enough apartments in the city.

2. Because there is financial support from the government.

3. Because they like the idea of living.

4. Because of different personal reasons.

Ответ:[ ].

\(\boxed{16}\) According to the author some newcomers later return to cities because…

1. they are not satisfied with the career prospects in the village;

2. they want to get higher education;

3. authorities do not support them;

4. their social status has changed.

Ответ: [ ].

\(\boxed{17}\) Why are rural areas important for the USA?

1. Elderly people move there.

2. Young people move there.

3. People spend their vacations there.

4. As they are the contributors of resources.

Ответ:[ ].

\(\boxed{18}\) Rural districts are suffering population loss as...

1. you should stay with your family;

2. the government agitates people to move to big cities;

3. such areas do not get proper funding;

4. there are no newborns there.

Ответ: [ ].