Задание

Match the texts A–G to the headings 1–8. There is one extra heading

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

The importance of each team member

Creating new super senses

A highly debatable issue

The key to delicious food

The transport system of the body

How they interact

The object of scientific research

Benefits of sharing images

A. When you cook, do you know why it smells so good (or so bad) in the house? It is all about chemistry that allows recipes to succeed or not. Among the chemical reactions that occur in cooking food, the Maillard reaction, which occurs between amino acids and sugars, is the most familiar. This is actually a complex series of reactions that lead to the formation of aromas, tastes, and colours as food cooks. Once the Maillard reaction is complete, you just have to say, "enjoy the meal!".

B. Every living body is made of cells — the basic building blocks of life. Every cell is surrounded by a clear physical border, called the cell membrane, which separates the cellular contents from the outside environment and from other cells. One of the most common ways for cells to communicate with each other is that a cell sends a chemical messenger substance to the receiving cell. By detecting this substance, the receiving cell "knows" that a signal was sent to it from another cell, and the receiving cell responds accordingly.

C. Large land and ocean mammals play essential roles in the environment but are severely threatened by human activities. Images taken from planes can be used to spot these animals, but they are difficult to observe as they are rare and move a lot, so there are not many images collected from planes. Fortunately, however, people share many photos and videos of large animals on social networks and these images have been used by researchers to train a computer programme to recognise, for example, an endangered ocean mammal: the dugong.

D. Blood is the liquid that looks red when you cut or scrape your skin. It moves through the body inside bendy tubes called blood vessels. The movement of blood is called blood flow. One reason the blood flows through the blood vessels is to take food and oxygen to various parts of the body which allows the body's muscles and organs to do their jobs. It is important to keep blood flowing through the blood vessels because it keeps the body working normally.

E. We are surrounded by high-tech materials in our daily lives; for example, in our smart phones or computers. Modern materials can also turn sunlight into electricity, or turn waste CO2 from the atmosphere into eco-friendly chemicals to reduce the need for fossil fuels. These applications often need very specific or even custom-made materials. Scientists are always looking for new and/or better materials. They want to learn how materials work, so they can design and improve the properties of the materials to increase their performance.

F. Once, it was believed that the sports team with the best individual star players would be most likely to win all the trophies. Then one day, athletes, coaches, sport fans and scientists noticed that this did not always happen — so people began to doubt the idea. This was a concern because, for coaches to create great sports teams, the key ingredients for team success must be understood. Over time, there has been a shift from looking at the talent of individual star players to looking at teamwork.

G. Bats see with their ears, snakes see heat, horses can see almost 360° around them, and crickets have super hearing abilities through their legs. The development of these abilities took 10s of 1,000s of years of evolution. While these astonishing sensory abilities may sound like superpowers that only people in comic books have, new studies suggest that, by using technology and perceptual learning, humans too could develop some of these awe-inspiring abilities — sometimes with only a small amount of training!

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

The maximum score is 3 points for 7 correct answers.

6 correct answers — 2 points.

5 correct answers — 1 point.

4 or fewer correct answers — 0 points.

The score for the task: out of 3.