Match the texts A–G to the headings 1–8. There is one extra heading
Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
- Historical monuments
- Helpful techniques
- An outstanding design
- A remarkable achievement
- Word recognition tool
- Ancient creatures
- Features of ancient times
- An information transfer form
A. Soviet space explorers made attempts to study Venus starting in 1961, when a Soviet-made spacecraft flew past the second planet from the Sun. It took another nine years to accomplish the first landing mission on the planet. In 1970 Venus-7 landed on the surface of Venus and transmitted data back to Earth. It was a particularly challenging mission. The spacecraft transmitted data for only 23 minutes before succumbing to the extreme heat and high pressure, yet it was a breakthrough in space exploration.
B. Long before woolly mammoths roamed Siberia, the territory of modern Russia was home to all kinds of dinosaurs. One of the most interesting finds in the Krasnoyarsk Territory is Kileskus, a predatory dinosaur discovered by local historian and amateur palaeontologist Sergei Krasnolutsky near the town of Sharypovo. It lived about 168–166 million years ago, and was one of the oldest relatives of the famous Tyrannosaurus Rex. It reached 5–6 metres in length and 1.7 metres in height, and weighed up to 250 kg.
C. One of the richest historic towns on the Volga River is Yaroslavl, located about 130 miles northeast of Moscow. Now an industrial centre with some 650,000 inhabitants, Yaroslavl has a remarkable concentration of church art and architecture from the 16th through the 19th centuries. Each year thousands visit the city on river cruises or by land from Moscow. They all see at least one of the city's magnificent 17th-century monuments — the Church of Elijah the Prophet, located at the very centre of town.
D. There are at least 6,000 languages spoken in the world today. The languages are represented by a variety of writing systems called "orthographies." An orthography consists of the symbols used to turn a spoken language into a written form. There are several different alphabets that are used to create written languages. For example, English uses the Latin alphabet, and 26 symbols, or letters, to represent the spoken language. There are other alphabets that use different sets of symbols, for example, the Cyrillic alphabet.
E. Do you enjoy reading books? Reading is one of the unique activities that only humans do, and we have not been doing it for that long! Humans have talked to each other using a language system for at least 100,000 years, but we have been reading and writing only for a few thousand years! Our brain has developed a region that is specialised in knowing what written words look like. It closely works together with other parts of the brain that help us understand words and to speak.
F. To learn a foreign language word, we must hear how the word is spoken or see how it is written and learn its meaning. To memorise new words, students use many strategies, for example, listening to audio recordings or studying word lists. Recent research suggests that such techniques are less effective than strategies that use enrichment. For example, it can be useful for students to see a related picture or perform gestures that display the meaning of a word while listening to it.
G. The Shukhov towers are among the most spectacular monuments of Russian engineering. This type of structure was designed by a famous Russian scientist and engineer, Vladimir Shukhov, a true genius of his time. The Shukhov tower is a so-called hyperboloid structure — an openwork metal tower with each vertical section having symmetrically concave sides. The most famous towers are the former TV tower at Shabolovka in Moscow and the transmission tower standing not far from the city of Dzerzhinsk. Shukhov's techniques are widely used in modern Russian engineering projects.
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The maximum score is 3 points for 7 correct answers.
6 correct answers — 2 points.
5 correct answers — 1 point.
4 or fewer correct answers — 0 points.
The score for the task:[ ] out of 3.