Задание

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In some heavily multilingual areas of the world,

most people learn a lingua franca – a regional trade language – in addition to their

mother tongue. But when someone proposes English or French, say, as a trade

language, objections inevitably arise. These languages are notoriously

difficult to learn, with strange spellings and numerous grammatical rules and

exceptions. But more importantly, they’re loaded with historical and cultural

baggage. The only hope for a truly universal language would seem to be an

artificial one – a language that is designed to be free from cultural biases

and easy to learn. This was precisely the Esperanto.

L.L. Zamenhof

grew up in the late 1800s in Warsaw, which was a part of Russia at that time.

While still in high school he set out to design a universal artificial language

that would facilitate communication within his linguistically diverse

community. By the time he finished this side project ten years later, Zamenhof was a practicing

ophthalmologist. In 1887, Zamenhof

published the first guide in Russian to the new language, which he called “Lingvo Internacia”, meaning “international language”. Zamenhof wrote the textbook under

the pseudonym “Esperanto”, meaning “a person who is hoping” in Lingvo Internacia. Fans of the language decided that

“Esperanto” had a nicer ring to it, and they soon adopted it as the informal

name of the language.

the name of the new language

the pen-name of the new language designer

the title of the book about the new language

the name of the place where the new language was designed