Задание

11.Прочитай текст и заполни пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занеси цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в поле ответа.

Linguistics is the scientific study of language. It consists of the analysis of every aspect of language, as well as the methods for studying and modelling them.

It is believed that the first signs of linguistics appeared in the Ancient East about 2,000–3,000 years BC. A______________. The first practical linguistic result was primitive dictionaries in Mesopotamia and B______________ in India around 8th century BC.

However, before the 19th century, only philosophers like Plato and Aristotle were interested in language. Plato, for example, was the first person who distinguished between nouns and verbs. In 1786, Sir William Jones found out that Sanskrit, Greek, Latin, Celtic and Germanic all had structural similarities, C______________. This discovery could be regarded as the birthdate of linguistics.

Ferdinand de Saussure, D______________, is considered the father of modern linguistics. He argued that language is a carefully built structure of interrelated elements.

In the 1960s, Avram Noam Chomsky initiated what is called language universals. All languages are likely to have important common prosperities. The universal grammar states that all children are born with an innate ability to acquire, develop, and understand language. If we look at grammar as the laws of language, we could say that all humans are born with an understanding of these laws. E______________, humans have a natural tendency to learn and use these universal laws of language.

Nowadays, language has become a centre point not only for linguists, F______________. That is the beginning of the optimality theory and the foundation of corpus linguistics.

1. who was a Swiss linguist

2. when writing was invented

3. although different languages have different grammar

4. but also for psychologists, neurologists, anthologists, sociologists, and philosophers

5. the theoretical result was the grammar of the Sanskrit language

6. that divides languages into groups

7. so he suggested that these languages must all spring from one proto-language