Задание
10.Установи соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занеси свои ответы в поле ответа. Используй каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Militarily motivated
2. The Internet today
3. The computing revolution
4. The birth of the Web
5. Online culture
6. The borderless world
7. The ideas behind the Web
8. Сomplementing each other
A. The first website was titled "World Wide Web" and provided basic information about the World Wide Web project and how to create web pages. It was created by Tim Berners-Lee, a British computer scientist at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland. While it revolutionised the computer and communications world like nothing before, the World Wide Web was only possible by bringing together several existing technologies: the telephone, television, radio, and the Internet.
B. Berners-Lee was interested in facilitating the exchange of information among scientists in universities and research institutes, and he first proposed his project for a worldwide network of computers sharing information in 1989. His site went live in 1991 and was accessed by a small group of fellow CERN scientists. Crucially, Berners-Lee convinced CERN that the World Wide Web should be given to the world as a free resource.
C. The launch of the Sputnik 1 satellite by the Soviet Union in 1957 encouraged the U.S. Defense Department to think about means of communication after a nuclear attack. This led to the creation in 1969 of the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), a system initially of four computers. By the mid-1980s, this growing network of interconnected computers became known as the Internet. Both the Internet and the World Wide Web were limited to academic and research organisations.
D. After the introduction of a user-friendly web browser called Mosaic in 1993, the Web became more widely used. Mosaic could display both images and text, and users could follow web links simply by clicking on them with a mouse. The Web became synonymous with the Internet, but they are distinct from one another. The World Wide Web made it easier to navigate the Internet and helped make the Internet such an effective form of communication.
E. The introduction of the personal computer from IBM in 1981 led to a transformation in home and office computing. Smaller and cheaper than the large office computers, it and its successors had access to the Internet and e-mail. With personal computers, the Internet experienced tremendous growth. The first search engines appeared in the early 1990s. Google, which is now almost synonymous with web searches, came a little later, in 1997.
F. The Internet significantly changed the way businesses operated: globalisation increased. The world seemed to become a much smaller place, with communication improved by the speed and efficiency of the Internet. Jobs were outsourced and companies effectively became "nationless," since it was easier to operate from anywhere in the world.
G.The introduction of the Apple iPhone in 2007 had a huge impact on the world. Smartphones have made the Internet a mobile resource. Information and ideas can be shared from anywhere at the touch of a button via social networking sites. Smartphones have also impacted education, healthcare, and culture, and have changed the political landscape through their use by protesters organising rallies via social media to undermine regimes. With more than 3 billion users, the World Wide Web has transformed every aspect of modern daily life.